数据结构与算法学习-双向链表

双向链表

在上一篇单链表中已经提到了双向链表,其实单链表实现时候,双向链表相对容易多了,只不过对每个节点多了一个前驱节点链接,遍历可以前向遍历,也可以后向遍历。

在添加节点和删除节点时,需要注意,因为需要维护节点和前驱链和后继链,所以在添加时,先完成新节点的前向链和后向链,然后再修改新节点的前驱节点的后向链和后继节点的前驱链,分清顺序;同样,删除节点,顺序相反,先完成前驱节点和后继节点的链接,然后再修改要删除的节点的前驱链和后继链。

代码实现


public class DLinkedList<T> implements RList<T> {

private Node<T> first;
private Node<T> last;
private int size;

private static class Node<T> {
T item;
Node<T> prev;
Node<T> next;

public Node(T t, Node<T> prev, Node<T> next) {
this.item = t;
this.prev = prev;
this.next = next;
}
}

public void addFirst(T e) {

Node<T> f = first;
Node<T> newNode = new Node<>(e, null, f);
first = newNode;
if (f == null) {
last = newNode;
} else {
f.prev = newNode;
}
size++;
}

public void addLast(T e) {

final Node<T> l = last;
Node<T> newNode = new Node<>(e, l, null);
last = newNode;
if (l == null) {
first = newNode;
} else {
l.next = newNode;
}
size++;
}

@Override
public void add(int index, T element) {
if (isEmpty()) {
addLast(element);
} else {
checkElementIndex(index);
if (index == 0) {
addFirst(element);
} else if (index == size) {
addLast(element);
} else {
Node<T> node = getNode(index);
Node<T> newNode = new Node<>(element, node.prev, node);
node.prev.next = newNode;
node.prev = newNode;
size++;
}
}

}

@Override
public boolean add(T o) {
addLast(o);
return true;
}

@Override
public int size() {
return size;
}

@Override
public boolean isEmpty() {
return size == 0;
}

@Override
public boolean contains(T o) {
return indexOf(o) != -1;
}

@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Override
public T[] toArray() {
if (isEmpty()) {
return null;
}
Object[] arr = new Object[size];
int i = 0;
for (Node<T> node = first; node != null; node = node.next) {
arr[i++] = node.item;
}
return (T[]) arr;
}

@Override
public boolean remove(T o) {
int index = indexOf(o);
if (index == -1) {
return false;
}
removeByIndex(index);
return true;
}

public T removeFirst() {
if (isEmpty()) {
return null;
}
final Node<T> f = first;
T result = f.item;
first = f.next;
if (first == null) {
last = null;
} else {
first.prev = null;
f.next = null;
f.item = null;
}
size--;
return result;
}

public T removeLast() {
if (isEmpty()) {
return null;
}
Node<T> l = last;
T result = l.item;
last = last.prev;
if (last == null) {
first = null;
} else {
last.next = null;
l.prev = null;
l.item = null;
}
size--;
return result;
}

@Override
public void clear() {
if (isEmpty()) {
return;
}
for (Node<T> node = first; node != null; ) {
Node<T> nextNode = node.next;
node.item = null;
node.next = null;
node.prev = null;
node = nextNode;
}
size = 0;
first = null;
last = null;
}

@Override
public T get(int index) {
checkElementIndex(index);
return getNode(index).item;
}

public T getFirst() {
final Node<T> f = first;
if (f == null)
throw new NoSuchElementException();
return f.item;
}

public T getLast() {
final Node<T> l = last;
if (l == null)
throw new NoSuchElementException();
return l.item;
}

private Node<T> getNode(int index) {
Node<T> node;
if (index < size >> 2) {
node = first;
for (int i = 0; i < index; i++) {
node = node.next;
}
} else {
node = last;
for (int i = size - 1; i > index; i--) {
node = node.prev;
}
}
return node;
}

@Override
public T set(int index, T element) {
checkElementIndex(index);
Node<T> oldNode = getNode(index);
T oldVal = oldNode.item;
oldNode.item = element;
return oldVal;
}

@Override
public T removeByIndex(int index) {
checkElementIndex(index);
if (index == 0) {
return removeFirst();
} else if (index == size - 1) {
return removeLast();
} else {
Node<T> node = getNode(index);
T result = node.item;
node.prev.next = node.next;
node.next.prev = node.prev;
node.next = null;
node.prev = null;
node.item = null;
size--;
return result;
}
}

@Override
public int indexOf(T o) {
int index = 0;
if (o == null) {
for (Node<T> node = first; node != null; node = node.next) {
if (node.item == null) {
return index;
}
index++;
}
} else {
for (Node<T> node = first; node != null; node = node.next) {
if (node.item.equals(o)) {
return index;
}
index++;
}
}
return -1;
}

private void checkElementIndex(int index) {
if (!isElementIndex(index))
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException("index is out of bounds");
}

private boolean isElementIndex(int index) {
return index >= 0 && index < size;
}

@Override
public RIterator<T> iterator() {
return new DLinkedListIterator();
}

private class DLinkedListIterator implements RIterator<T> {

private int index;
private Node<T> node;

public DLinkedListIterator() {
node = first;
}

@Override
public boolean hasNext() {
return index < size;
}

@Override
public T next() {
T result = node.item;
node = node.next;
index++;
return result;
}
}
}

测试代码就不贴出来,在 github 上自己看下吧!有问题或者需要优化的地方可以讨论下!

代码地址

Java 代码

C 代码

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